|
((ラテン語:Vallum Aelium)), also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or ''Vallum Hadriani'' in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in 122 AD during the reign of the emperor Hadrian. It ran from the banks of the River Tyne near the North Sea to the Solway Firth on the Irish Sea. It had a stone base and a stone wall. There were milecastles with two turrets in between. There was a fort about every five Roman miles. From north to south, the wall comprised a ditch, wall, military way and vallum (another ditch with adjoining mounds). It is thought that the milecastles were staffed with static garrisons, whereas the forts had fighting garrisons of infantry and cavalry. In addition to the wall's defensive military role, its gates may have been used as customs posts. A significant portion of the wall still stands and can be followed on foot along the adjoining Hadrian's Wall Path. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern England and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.〔http://accessibility.english-heritage.org.uk/default.asp?wci=Node&wce=8410〕 When in use it was effectively the northern limit of the Roman Empire. ==Dimensions== Hadrian's Wall was 80 Roman miles or long; its width and height varied according to the construction materials that were available nearby. East of the River Irthing, the wall was made from squared stone and measured wide and high, while west of the river the wall was originally made from turf and measured wide and high; it was later rebuilt in stone. These dimensions do not include the wall's ditches, berms and forts. The central section measured eight Roman feet wide (7.8 ft or 2.4 m) on a base. Some parts of this section of the wall survive to a height of . Immediately south of the wall, a large ditch was dug, with adjoining parallel mounds, one on either side. This is known today as the Vallum, even though the word ''Vallum'' in Latin is the origin of the English word ''wall'', and does not refer to a ditch. In many places – for example Limestone Corner – the Vallum is better preserved than the wall, which has been much robbed of its stone. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hadrian's Wall」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|